Suchergebnisse

Seria: Multi-Annual Programme 2005-2009. The economic and social conditions of the development of the Polish food economy following Poland's accession to the European Union, no 176.1 ; Uwarunkowania produkcyjno-rynkowe w rolnictwie w latach 2005-2008. Materiał i metodyka badawcza. Wyniki ekonomiczne rolniczych działalności produkcyjnych w latach 2005-2008: buraki cukrowe, ziemniaki jadalne, żywiec wieprzowy, pszenica jara, owies, pszenica ozima, żyto ozime, rzepak ozimy, krowy mleczne. ; Kamila Sobiecka

The consistent downward trend in the number of farmers and their family members working on farms, observed for many years, forces farmers to use hired labour, which significantly affects issues related to the payment for labour in EU agriculture. The aim of the study discussed in the article is to assess the differences in the level of hired labour on farms in EU countries and the remuneration of farmers and their family members, which is provided for by the income of the farm. In order to achieve this goal, it was necessary to determine the amount of time of hired work on farms and the remuneration per hour of hired work. The article also examines the effect the Common Agricultural Policy subsidies supporting the farms' operating activity have on farmers' remuneration. The subject of the study focused on commercial farms keeping FADN agricultural accounting in 28 EU countries. Standard results of the FADN EU were used in the analysis. The average results of two periods which included the years 2015– 2017 and 2018–2019 were assessed. Horizontal and vertical analyses were used to compare the parameters characterising farms in individual countries in both periods of the study.
The conducted research indicates a growing demand for hired labour on farms in the EU, which increases the share of the cost of hired workers in the total costs of a farm. Therefore, it is advisable to continue public support in the framework of the agricultural policy, which contributes to the generation of farm income at an acceptable level. As the study shows, the hourly wages of hired workers in most EU countries exceeded the per hour, unsubsidised income resulting from a farmer's own labour, and such a situation – from the farmers' point of view – undermines the economic viability of continuing agricultural production.

The aim of the article is to indicate the main factors influencing the diversification of farm income in the European Union countries. The analysis involved the production potential, production costs, and the impact of subsidies on income under the Common Agricultural Policy. The research covered farms keeping agricultural accounting in the EU-28 countries. The analysis used data for 2015-2017 and 2018, collected and processed under the FADN EU system. The analyses show that farms in the EU differed significantly in terms of the agricultural land area, the value of assets, technical equipment of work, and production intensity. It was estimated that the intensity was related to the production direction and land productivity. The income situation of farms was also significantly influenced by production efficiency. On average, from 2015-2017, the cost of EUR 1 production ranged between EUR 0.64 and 1.32, and in 2018 it was between EUR 0.64 and1.28. As a consequence, in many countries farm income depended solely on subsidies to operating activities. The research shows that subsidies eliminate the differences between countries at the level of income from production (without subsidies), which suggests a further need to continue to equalize the level of subsidies among the EU countries. ; Celem artykułu było wskazanie głównych czynników wpływających na zróżnicowanie dochodów gospodarstw rolnych w krajach Unii Europejskiej (UE). Analiza dotyczyła potencjału produkcyjnego, kosztów produkcji oraz oddziaływania dopłat na dochody w ramach wspólnej polityki rolnej. Badaniami objęto gospodarstwa prowadzące rachunkowość rolną w 28 krajach UE. Do analizy wykorzystano dane za lata 2015-2017 oraz z 2018 roku, zebrane i przetworzone w ramach systemu FADN EU. Z analiz wynika, że gospodarstwa rolne w UE szczególnie silnie różniły się pod względem powierzchni użytków rolnych, wartości aktywów, technicznego uzbrojenia pracy oraz intensywności produkcji. Ocenia się, że intensywność miała związek z kierunkiem produkcji oraz z produktywnością ziemi. Na sytuację dochodową gospodarstw w znaczącym stopniu wpływała efektywność produkcji. Średnio w latach 2015-2017 koszt wytworzenia 1 EUR produkcji zawierał się w przedziale 0,64-1,32 EUR, a w 2018 roku – 0,64-1,28 EUR. W konsekwencji, w wielu krajach dochód z gospodarstwa stanowiły wyłącznie dopłaty do działalności operacyjnej. Wyniki badań wskazują, że dopłaty niwelują różnice między krajami w poziomie dochodu uzyskanego z produkcji (bez dopłat), co sugeruje dalszą potrzebę kontynuacji wyrównywania wielkości dopłat między krajami w UE.

The dairy sector is the main branch of agricultural production which constitutes source of income of many farms in Poland and in Lithuania. Accession of both countries to the structures of the European Union has radically changed the functioning of the entire dairy sector which faced changes and the necessity to comply with the new free market circumstances. The first aim of this article is to present the overview of the dairy industry in Poland and in Lithuania after the accession to the EU. The second aim is to focus on the economic situation of milk producers. The summary clearly shows the immense progress in complying with the EU requirements, although the gap between these two markets and the biggest EU milk producers is still significant. The economic results of analysed dairy farms in Poland and in Lithuania confirmed the improved performance of productivity since 2004. Relatively small (about 50%) share of subsidies in farm net income makes milk production less dependent on such type of support.